Table2Theyieldandfruitqualityofreplantappleorchard
品种
Variety
|
2009产量及果实品质
The yield and fruit quality in 2009
|
预计2010年产量
Yield in 2010
(kg/667m )
|
可溶性固形物
Soluble solid
(%)
|
维生素C
Vc
(mg/100g)
|
单株果数
No. of apples per tree
|
单果重
Weight per fruit
(g)
|
产量
Yield
(kg/667m )
|
Brookfield Gala
|
15.25±3.27
|
4.84±2.07
|
18.80±10.21
|
211.04±27.58
|
753.69
|
1500
|
Galax Gala
|
14.84±2.18
|
5.16±2.11
|
16.75±8.50
|
216.34±32.15
|
687.42
|
1500
|
KIKU富士
KIKU FUJI
|
15.78±3.35
|
5.40±1.84
|
19.95±10.38
|
287.28±25.87
|
1087.87
|
2000
|
Aztec富士
Aztec FUJI
|
16.37±2.16
|
5.56±1.36
|
22.10±11.26
|
248.44±58.49
|
1041.35
|
2000
|
3讨论与结论
连作障碍的成因非常复杂,总体来讲可分为非生物因素和生物因素两大类。非生物因素为土壤营养元素不足或失衡,前茬老树根系分泌的根皮苷等毒素等;生物因素包括土壤微生物、动物的种类和数量的减少等。山东省老苹果园还存在土壤酸化和土壤有机质低等问题。上述变化破坏了果园土壤原有的生态平衡,致使土壤分解和供给养分的能力减弱和有害物质增多,具体表现为果树减产、树势衰弱和连作障碍。本研究施用有机质肥后,土壤的氮磷钾和有机质含量都高于不施有机肥的各处理和空白对照。施用有机质肥、有机质肥+叶宝绿两个处理改善土壤酸碱度效果最好,可使土壤在整个生长季均保持在5.5以上。叶宝绿是一种营养型杀菌剂,Microthecin是在一些真菌和海洋红藻中发现的脱水果糖(Anhydrofructose,AF)转化的一种次级代谢物。AF及其衍生物具有杀菌防腐促进植物根系生长等功能。有机质肥+Microthecin和有机质肥+叶宝绿两处理对土壤酶含量影响最大,可能是叶宝绿和Microthecin在杀死连作土壤中有害微生物的同时提高了酶的活性。本研究中有机质肥主要是针对山东省老土壤酸化的苹果园开出的土壤改良肥。
在以往的苹果连作过程中,往往需要三年以上的更新期,更新期内几乎没有产量。本研究中,利用自制有机质肥+叶宝绿局部改良土壤,可明显提高土壤pH值和土壤有机质含量,采用矮化自根砧支架栽培,充分利用了矮化自根砧苹果树结果早、根系分布浅等特点,有效地克服了苹果连作障碍,定植当年即有少量结果,第二年有经济产量,第三年丰产。
参考文献
1 MAI W F, ABAWI GS. Controlling replant diseases of pome and stone fruits in Northeastern United-States by preplant fumigation [J]. Plant Dis. 1981, 65:859–864.
2 LEINFELDER M M, MERWIN I A. Rootstock selection, preplant soil treatments, and tree planting positions as factors inmanaging apple replant disease [J]. Hort Sci, 2006, 41:394–401.
3 MAI W F, MERWIN I A, ABAWI G S. Diagnosis, etiology, and management of replant problems in New York cherry and apple orchards. Acta Hort, 1994, 363:33–41.
4 ANDREAS W, GREG T B, SALLY S. Evidence for biological nature of the grape replant problem in California [J]. Plant andSoil, 2002, 242: 197-203.
5 Moicrobiology Lab of Chinese Soil Taxonomy. methodology of soil microorganism[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1985:40-57.
6 ZHOU Li-kai. Soil Enzymology[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1987.
7 ZHOU Li-kai, ZHANG Zhi-ming. Measuring Method of Soil Enzyme[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science. 1980, 11(5): 37 -38.
8 ZOU Qi, Plants physical experiment guidance[M]. Beijing: China agriculture press, 2000.
9 YUAN Yong-bing. Liu Cheng-lian. Ma De-gong. Li Xiao-dong. Cui Xiu-feng, Su Gui-lin. A method of dwarf self-root stock appletree propagation in Europe. Yantai Tree Fruit, 2010, 2: 30-31.
10 HOMAS L V, YU S, INGRAM R E. Ascopyrone P, a novel antibacterial derived fromfungi[J]. J. Appl. Microbiol. ,2000 ,93:697-705.
11 HOMAS L V , INGRAM R E , YU S. Investigation of the effectiveness of Ascopyrone P as a food preservative[J].Intl. J. Food Microbiol. 2004 ,93 (3) : 319.323.
12 TIAN Li-guang, Yuan Yong-bing, Yu Shu-kun, Effects of Microthecin on cucumber seed germination and seedling growth. Shandong Agricultural Sciences. 2007, 196(3): 42-45. 4/4 首页 上一页 2 3 4 |