| 果实描述性状各类型分布频率差异较大，描述类型居多（≥60%）的有8种类型，其中果肉半透最多占93.1%，描述性状类型稀少（≤6%）的有22种类型，最稀少的种质类型4种，分别为果肉蜡白色和粉红色、果肉透明以及种皮白色，各有1份种质占0.8%。这为筛选育种材料和种质创新提供了可能性。
我国龙眼种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性。本研究结果表明，我国龙眼种质资源多样性高于国外（泰国），特别是龙眼主产区福建、广东、四川等省的多样性指数较高。不同种质果实性状间变异明显，这与李永清研究认为龙眼种质变异的程度不大不尽一致。果穗宽度、单果重、果实纵径、果实横径、果实侧径、果皮重、果肉硬度和果肉厚度等数量性状变异较大，多样性指数均在2.000以上。质量性状的多样性指数相对较低，如广东、广西和贵州的龙眼种质之间种顶面观基本没有多样性，广西、四川的果肉透明度均为半透明，但福建的种质在果肉质地多样性指数高达2.332，存在细嫩、软韧、稍脆、韧脆、脆和爽脆等6个变异类型。变异系数大小则反映品种固有特征及生物产品的个体差异，而遗传多样性是生命进化和适应的基础，尽管龙眼近500～600年才重视驯化栽培，但2000多年的悠久栽培历史，长期的进化过程，性状、品种间发生较大变异，同时长期以来龙眼主要实生繁育，但自然选择、适应性的结果导致性状的趋同、种间的变异也是必然，由此龙眼的遗传多样性有待深入研究。
通过聚类分析，将130份龙眼种质划分为5大类群。各类群间数量性状大小呈明显差异，但种质来源地、种质类型的归类具有一定的地理相关性，如Ⅰ类群几乎涵盖了所有原产地及种质类型，Ⅱ类群为泰国‘施冲蒲’、‘潘通’、‘依登’以及福建的稀优种质‘上迳焦核’和贵州地方品种‘贵州2号’，Ⅲ类群为福建的珍稀种质‘白核龙眼’以及印尼的‘万隆安’，但Ⅳ类群、Ⅴ类群均原产福建，这与许奇志研究结论有相似的一面，也进一步佐证了龙眼原产于我国。东壁龙眼为福建的主要稀有优良品种，长期以来亲缘关系存在争议,本研究结果开元寺东壁、东壁、东壁1号、东壁2号相聚于Ⅰ类群c小类,且遗传距离相近，这与林同香、许奇志观点相左。表明龙眼分类尽管前人采用不同方法进行努力，但分类学是一种基础性工作，受试验材料、试验条件、方法的局限。本研究仅从果实性状结合数量分类进行了分析，还有待结合花、枝、叶、树等性状进行综合分析以增加准确性，为建立可靠的龙眼分类技术体系还需综合各种细胞学、生化学及分子生物学方法进行更深入研究。
参考文献
1 QIU Wu-ling,ZHANG Hui-zhi.China Fruit Records:Longan﹠Loquat Volume[M].Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,1996
2 FU De-zhi,SONG Shu-yin.An examination on indumentum and fruit of dimocarpus longan and d.confinis[J].Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica,1994,32(5):484-487.
3 KE Guan-wu,WANG Chang-chun,TANG Zi-fa.Palynological Studies on the Origin of Longan Cultivation [J].Acta Hoticultura Sinica,1994,21(4):323-328.
4 LIN Guo-yang,TAN Zi-fa,KE Guang-wu.Study on the chromosomal caryotype of bud in longan(Dimocarpus Lour.) [J].Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,1990,5(2):80-83.
5 LV Liu-xin.A Comparative study on karyotypes of litchi and longan[J].Journal of Fujian Agricultural University,1994,23(2):145-147.
6 ZHENG Shao-quan,ZHENG Jin-gui.Research on the polysaccharide content of different genotypes of Longan (Dimocarpus longan)[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2006,23(2):232-236.
7 LIU Shu-qin,SHEN De-xu,LIN Bo-nian.Aanlysis of the isoenzymes of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase of 52 cultivars of longan (Dimocarpuslongan lour) and their taxonomic relationships.Acta Horticulturae Sinica[J].Acta Hoticultura Sinica,1988,15(4):217-221.
8 KE Guan-wu,LIN Jin-bo,CHEN Xi,WANG Chang-chun.A priliminary study on group classification of major fujian varieties[J].Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,1988,3(2):63-67.
9 LIN Tong-xiang,CHEN Zhen-guang,DAI Si-lan,WU Nai-hu.Taxonomic study of Dimocarpus longan by Random amplified polymorphic DNA technique[J].Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica,1998,40(12):1159-1165.
10 GAO Hui-ying,JIANG Fan,CHEN Xiu-ping,ZHENG Shao-quan.Random amplification polymorphic DNA(RAPD) analysis of the typical longan genotypes from dfferent origins[J].Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology,2007,34(1):74-78.
11 PENG Hong-xiang,LI Dong-bo1; ZHU Jian-hua,LI Jiang-zhou,CAO Hui-qing,PAN Li-me.Genetic diversity of longan in Guangxi assessed by AFLP markers[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2008,35 (10):1511-1516.
12 XU Qi-zhi,LI Tao,CHEN Xiu-ping,Xu Xiu-dan,CHEN Liang,ZHENG Shao-quan.RAPD analysis on 24 longan germplasm resources [J].Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science),2008,47(s2):26-29.
13 LI Rui-qi; MA Zhi-ying; WANG Xing-fen; ZHANG Gui-yin; LI Xi-huan Genetic diversity of transgenic insect-resistant cottons based on agronomic traits and fiber quality[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2005,6(2):210-215.
14 Bao Man-zhu,Chen Jun-yu.A preliminary study on numerical taxonomy for prunus mume Sieb.et zucc.and its related species[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,1995,17(1):67-72.
15 Yi Jin-xin.A numerical classification on eggplant germplasm[J].ACTA HORTICULTURAE SINICA,2000,27(5):345-350.
16 WANG Shu-Min ,CAO Yong-Sheng,R J Redden,HU Jia-Peng,T Usher .The morphological diversity and classification of adzuki bean [Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi] germplasm resources in China.Acta Agronomica Sinica,2002,28(6):727-733.
17 Guo Xian-fen,Wang Lian-ying.Study on numerical taxonomy of Chinese cultivated hebaceous peonies an d its related wild species [J].Acta Hoticultura Sinica,2005,32 (3): 473—476.
18 ZHAO Bing ,LUO Xin-yan,ZHANG Qi-xiang.A study on numerical classification of the wintersweet cultivars[J].Acta Hoticultura Sinica,2007,34(4):947-954.
19 HU Wen-shun,CHEN Xiu-ping,LI Tao,ZHANG Shou-mei,LIN Qi-hua,DENG Chao-jun,ZHENG Shao-quan.Study of the numerical taxonomy for the germplasm colletion of wild loquat(Eriobotrya japonica)in Yunnan province[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2009,26(3):403-408.
20 ZHU Jian-hua,YU Ping-fu,HUANG Feng-zhu,PENG Hong-xiang,XU Ning,LU Gui-feng,LI Guang-wang.Quantifying analysis of main fruit characters of Longyan germsplasm in Guangxi [J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2006,19(2):283-286.
21 ZHENG Shao-quan Present state in using longan and loquat garden nurseries in Fuzhou national fruit gene-pool [J].Subtropical Plant Science,1986,27:46-49.
22 HUANG Ai-ping,CHEN Xiu-mei,ZHENG Shao-quan,HU Wen-shun,JIANG Fan,DENG Chao-jun,CHEN Xiu-ping,ZHANG Shou-mei.Research and prospect of Fuzhou longan germplasm resources in the national feld genebank[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2009,11(3):30-34.
23 ZHENG Shao-quan.Descriptors and data standard for longan (Dimocarpus Lour.) [M].Beijing: China Agricultural Press,2006.
24 ZHENG Shao-quan.Technical code for evaluating germplasm resources longan(Dimocarpus Lour.) [M].Beijing: China Agricultural Press,2007.
25 TANG Ming-yi,FENG Ming-guang.Practical statistical analysis and computer processing platform [M].Beijing: China Agricultural Press,1997.
26 MU Sheng-q,GU Xing-fang,ZHANG Sheng-ping,WANG Xiao-wu,WANG Ye.Genetic diversity of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) germplasm by SSR[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2008,35(9):1323-1330.
27 Li Yong-qing.On genetic evolution and population ecology of Dimocarpus longan lour[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,1989 ,4 (1) : 47-51.
28 WANG Li-rong,ZHU Geng-rui,FANG Wei-chao.The evaluating criteria of some botanical quantitative characters of peach genetic resources[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2005,38(4):770-776.
29 WANG Xiao-juan,QI Xu-sheng,WANG Xing-rong,SU Jun-yang.Analysis of genetic diversity of local germplasm resources for foxtail millet in Gansu[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2009,27(6):129-33,153. 4/4 首页 上一页 2 3 4 |
