这表明我们所克隆的得到的VpUSP基因隶属于USP基因家族。
2.4中国野生华东葡萄VpUSP基因诱导表达分析
对中国野生华东葡萄半定量实验表明,未接种叶片中,VpUSP基因有少量表达。VpUSP基因在抗病华东葡萄株系白河-35-1,“6-12-6”,白河-13-1中受白粉病的诱导表达,侵染白粉病48h后表达量达到高峰,随后逐渐降低。而VpUSP基因的表达在感病华东葡萄株系白河-35-2,“6-12-2”,广西-2中并无明显变化(图6)。以上结果表明,VpUSP基因的转录在抗病葡萄株系白河-35-1,“6-12-6”,白河-13-1中受白粉病的诱导,对白粉病处理的响应时间在48h时达到高峰,说明VpUSP可能参与了抗病华东葡萄株系抗白粉病的过程。
A B
C D
E F
图6葡萄白粉病诱导华东葡萄株系VpUSP基因表达的RT-PCR分析
GAPDH为内参基因;
A-F白河-35-1;白河-35-2;白河-13-1;广西-2;6-12-6;6-12-2;
Fig6RT-PCRanalysisoftheexpressionofVpUSPinVitispseudoreticulatainresponsetoUncinulanecatorSchw.Burr.
GAPDHisActin;
A-FBAIHE-35-1;BAIHE-35-2;BAIHE-13-1;GUANGXI-2;6-12-6;6-12-2
3.讨论
本研究从接种白粉菌的抗病华东葡萄中获得一个与胁迫相关基因,通过NCBI网站的核酸、蛋白比对及进化分析及其他植物USP相关基因的报道中推测,该基因属于USP基因家族。
USP蛋白在古生菌,细菌,植物中均被发现,但不存在于动物中。USPA蛋白在埃希氏菌属大肠杆菌细胞生长受到限制,DNA被损坏时诱导表达;该蛋白在化学毒素,渗透胁迫,UV照射条件下调节细胞中的营养物质;被认为外界压力的生物传感器。在埃希氏菌属大肠杆菌细胞中发现,USPA与细胞分裂蛋白有协同作用,同时可激活Rec-A的表达,RecA蛋白是细菌中参与DNA同源重组修复的重要蛋白,增强细胞抗性。RecA蛋白和Rad51蛋白分别是细菌和真核生物参与DNA同源重组修复的重要蛋白。我们所克隆到的VpUSP基因能被葡萄白粉病菌所诱导,表明其具有参与胁迫调控的功能,至于其是否通过激活Rad51的表达增强细胞抗性还需要进一步研究。
近年来,对USP基因的研究主要集中在干旱,水分等非生物胁迫诱导方面。在多种植物中研究表明,在植物受到胁迫时,USP相关基因表达量会明显上调,可增强植物的抗逆性。GUSP1和GUSP2在水分胁迫下木本棉中诱导表达,HSPCB基因在高水分胁迫情况下有益于棉花的生长,ER6基因在番茄成熟过程中被诱导,在果实形成不同时期,表达量随着时间的变化而不同,在果实变为红色时,表达量达到高峰;OsUsp1基因在深水性水稻受到高水分胁迫1h后被强烈诱导表达,并且视为分子调节基因。
对于USP基因在植物生物胁迫方面的研究尚无相关报道。我们结合cDNA文库及RACE技术,在中国野生华东葡萄高抗白粉病株系白河-35-1中,筛选得到一条与胁迫相关的USP基因,利用半定量PCR技术对其在葡萄抗病过程中的表达方式进行研究。
我们选择了华东葡萄中3个抗病株系和感病株系分别进行研究,发现VpUSP基因在未受生物胁迫的6个株系中均有表达,抗病株系表达量极其微弱,但在感病株系表达方式非常独特,其表达水平始终比较强,前人研究结果表明,USP基因是一种诱导型基因,因此在感病株系中的独特表达方式还有待进一步研究。
在抗病株系中,接种白粉病菌后VpUSP基因表达量随着接种时间的延长而增强,在48h达到表达峰值,而后下降。这就表明VpUSP基因在抗病株系中属诱导性表达基因,其参与了中国野生华东葡萄的抗病诱导。在抗病葡萄中,这种表达方式与非生物胁迫在诱导条件下的表达是相符的。但在感病株系中,接种白粉病菌后,表达量变化不明显,表明VpUSP基因属组成型表达基因,不参与抗病诱导。这与前人对于非生物胁迫的研究结果截然相反。
4.结论
利用RACE,RT-PCR方法,首次分离出一个受病原菌诱导的中国野生华东葡萄白河-35-1VpUSP基因的全长cDNA序列。VpUSP基因转录表达水平在白粉病菌侵染华东葡萄抗病株系48h后表达达到高峰,这表明VpUSP参与了中国野生华东葡萄抗白粉病的过程。
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