| 根据这个定义，有时很难区分两种语法现象。（当然，新版的张道真的《实用英语语法》对此的表述已经和薄冰之语法书雷同）如：
the city of Philadelphia ,the art of revolution以及 ides, fact, rumour, news, question, hope, belief, thought, doubt, way, probability, certainty, likelihood, evidence等词后面的that引导的从句。
现在我们来看一看语法家薄冰(1998: 459；2000: 473)对同位语的定义：“当两个指同一事物的句子成份放在同等位置，一个成分可被用来说明或解释另一个成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语。”
薄冰对同位语的概念有更严格的限制，他所的同位语不同于定语，他没有把二者归为同一类。对同位语的定义体现在“同”字上，即同等位置，同一事物。这种定义更加明确一些。
但两者有共同点：一般都是用来修饰或限制一个名词或代词，说明身分，范围，具体内容，都是为了把被修饰的名词或代词具体化，使意思更加明确。语法学家张道真正是抓住了它们的这一共同特征。
3.2同位语和主语补足语的区别和联系。
同位语是对句中的另一个成分的解释和说明，而主语补足语是对主语的补充说明，补足主语的意义。因此它们有共同的地方。现举例说明。
主语补足语：（和主语不等同，补充其意义的不足）
Tired and sleepy, I delivered a very bad lecture this afternoon.
Chen, only 1.30metres tall, won her third gold when she triumphed in the individual floor exercises.金融学论文
She stepped down the rostrum very nervous.
She was called the real heroine.
主语的同位语:（和主语等同）
You students should study diligently if you want to realize you dream.
A black by birth, the writer inborn the traditional good manners passed from generation to generation.
从上面的例子我们可以看出，虽然它们有相似的地方，但是同位语强调的是等同——“同一事物、同一位置”。
3.3有的同位语和状语相似，也可以说就是状语。
有的时候同位语相当于一个状语，或者一个省略了某些语法成份的状语从句。如形容词、过去分词等担任的同位语（一些语法学家或称之为非限制性定语,也有一些语法学家称之为主语补足语）。如表示原因,让步等。例：
Unselfish and eager to offer help to others (as he was unselfish and eager to help others), he won the heart-felt love of the local peasants.
Old, short and thin (because I was old, short and thin), I am afraid I can’t pass the interview in employment agency.
Full of energy and vigor (as he was full of energy and vigor), he won a lot of money by his heavy work.
Liberated in form only (as they were liberated in form), they white American man are still prejudiced against the Negroes and oppress them in many fields.
An even-tempered man (although he was an even-tempered), he was nevertheless extremely angry when he heard the news.
4.0结语。学习语法是为更好地满足理解和表情达意的需要，有时同一个语法现象可以这样说，也可以那样说，不同时期，不同的语法家，或同一语法家在不同的时期的提法是不一定完全相同的。从不同的角度去理解，都是正确的。不必过分地钻牛角尖。
参考书目：
[1]Caulicover, P.W. Syntax. New York: Academic Press [M]. 1982.
[2]Greenbaum, S. The English Language Today [M]. Oxford: Pergamon.1985.
[3]Leech, G. & Jan Svartvik. A Communicative Grammar [M]. of English.London: Longman. 1984.
[4]Murphy, F.R. English Grammar in Use [M]. Cambridge: University Press. 1974.
[5]Swan, M. Practical English Grammar [M]. Oxford: University Press.1980.
[6]Thomson, A. J. & A. V. Martinet. A Practical English Grammar [M]. Oxford: University Press.1979.
[7]张道真.实用英语语法[M]..北京：商务印书馆. 1992.
[8]张道真.实用英语语法[M].. 外语教学与研究出版社. 1995.
[9]薄冰.薄冰英语语法[M].. 北京：开明出版社. 1998.
[10]薄冰.高级英语语法[M].. 北京：世界知识出版社. 2000.
[11]吕瑞昌、喻去根等.汉英翻译教程[M]..西安：陕西人民出版社. 1983.
3/3 首页 上一页 1 2 3 |
