| 最新的苹果的遗传图谱是Malliepaurd用分子标记及同工酶等多种等位基因标记构建的,该图谱具有较高的标记密度和共显性标记,是苹果上一张较为理想的参考图谱。
2.6基因标记
基因标记是构建遗传图谱、基因定位、克隆和分子辅助育种的前提。目前,已有一批控制果树重要农艺性状的基因被标记并得到广泛应用。ShogoMatsumoto等分析了50多个苹果品种和砧木的自交不亲和等位基因；MinouHemmat利用RAPD标记了苹果黑星病抗病基因Vf；张开春等以平邑甜茶和扎矮76的杂交后代实生苗为试材，获得两个与苹果属显性矮化主基因Dw基因连锁的RAPD标记；王彩虹等以短枝富士和舞美的R1分离群体为试材，筛选到一个与苹果柱形基因Co基因连锁较为紧密的AFLP标记,用PCR的方法对其进行再扩增，实现了此标记片段的克隆和转化。
3问题与展望
DNA分子标记技术己被广泛的应用于植物研究的各个方面，相对来说，果树分子标记起步晚、基础差、发展缓慢。但是，由上述内容可见，分子标记在苹果研究中也取得了不错的成绩。相信随着分子生物学技术的发展，会有更多的分子标记技术被创造和应用。DNA分子标记技术的不断发展与完善，必将为苹果种质资源和遗传育种研究提供新的技术手段,极大地推动我国苹果产业的发展。
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