| 抗氧化物保护酶是清除植株体内活性氧，免除自身受其迫害的内源保护系统。Elstner认为试管苗受长期培养“微环境”的因子胁迫，导致试管苗体内代谢失衡，氧自由基进攻膜系统，从而产生玻璃化现象。苹果玻璃化试管苗的SOD、POD、CAT活性与正常试管苗相比均有不同程度的降低，导致整个植株体内的活性氧的产生和清除的代谢系统紊乱，植株受迫害严重。
试管苗玻璃化可能是植物内部生理失调的外在表现，也可能是植物形态结构上的畸形导致功能发生障碍，也可能是生长因子不平衡的产物。总之，目前关于试管苗玻璃化的形成机理并不是完全清楚。在组织培养过程中，玻璃化试管苗叶片和茎的结构上的变异以及生理代谢的紊乱，都可导致植株生长异常而表现为畸形，植株生长势变弱，难以维持正常生长，在继代培养中很容易死亡。因此，如何控制环境因子从而有效的防止玻璃化试管苗的产生还需要进一步研究。
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