4.控制和解决影响因素的方法
饮用水处理系统中添加过滤系统(如:沙滤池),过滤系统嫩很好的去处大多数影响紫外线消毒效果的因素,如悬浮颗粒,金属离子等,而滤后水的浊度一般认为不会超过1NTU,其对紫外线的影响可以忽略不计。
紫外灯管的清洗分为人工清洗、在线机械清洗、在线机械加化学清洗等,在线机械加化学清洗被认为是最有效的清洗方式,清洗灯管的药剂一般为柠檬酸或磷酸。清洗后的紫外线穿透率将恢复到原先的98%。
5.总结
1)在饮用水处理系统中,悬浮颗粒和微生物的结合体被认为是主要的影响因素。悬浮颗粒的大小和它与微生物的相互作用都一定程度上影响了了紫外线的穿透率。
2)水处理化学药剂如三价铁离子和高锰酸盐都很大程度上消弱了紫外线的消毒效果,但是在滤后水中,他们的含量很低,作用可忽略不计。
3)石英灯管结垢在也是重要影响因素,其结垢的速度取决于水质的控制和灯管的选择。
4)通过增加过滤系统和按时清洗紫外灯管可以有效地改善这些影响因素,以便于更有效的应用紫外线消毒系统。
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